Lathe

Lathe: a tool for scraping and shaping metal to wooden parts and the rotating work usually goes. Due to the high precision and quality of the production economic CNC machine in different forms formation forms the majority of spare parts has been a circular cross section and are produced with CNC machines and on the other hand in order to low and high speed turning than other methods used car Shaving is a common method used in the industry.

History of CNC machine:

• CNC machines is the most basic type of machines that the application process, the history of it between 17 and 18 century which started at the beginning of the most typical or the oldest method of shaving, shave wood by tree. This means that the two ends of the stick between two trees and put a rope to the tree branches and around it the desired wood complex and the other side of the rope the rope by hand and someone else to move the person's puts the latter of which is located on the opposite side with the wood grate Could this btrashd is the oldest method of cutting wood.

• The first CNC machine was made in France in the year 1740. The main axis of rotation of the device in the car was by hand, a drive shaft (shaft work) directly on the device that is connected to the main shaft by two gear wheels connected to a simple screw Rod Barry is. In this type of machine to switch gears of different screws for different masonry screws had been anticipated.

In 1796 a English name of fidman for the first rank machines shave that Barry was a bolt that holds the rod with the stand-off on the main axis of the gearing and screw axis Berry would have to make a variety of screws for profile.

• In the years 1800 and 1830 USA cars were built with masonry and wooden hull was equipped with iron base. In 1836 the United States in the name of personal panton in Massachusetts car shave with rod screws go. In the year 1853 New York freeland called personal car has 20 feet are Rails with masonry that things could take a 10 inch diameter btrashd coarse ferrous and body construction, it was the position of the gear swap.

• After some time the better machines in terms of power and was made more periods called CNC machines, gear box. These machines have a gear box and load box also is that the car can be easily automated and shave different things.

The most important parts of the controlling and regulating:

Lathe carrier supert carts carts along the front of the device there are longitudinal supert carrier cans that can be used by that device over the longitudinal carrier supert between devices and device.. The main task of these carts set up and put the cutting tool in each episode is desired, before your time to work. Trolleys carts. device by device. it can be driven shift. Rotate it, usually by hand. With rotating trolleys, fixed axis can be fit inside.. right in the forehead which is located rather than the workpiece. In addition, Rotate clockwise OK hours carts also cause the axis (the axis be firmly inside.) go forward towards the workpiece. On the other hand in case of a device within the drill mount axle. while rotating the handle that can be used with front-drive drills, drill or hole in the forehead work.. CNC lathe machine components of four distinct forms: part 1-bless. fixed (1) which is always located in the left side of the worker and containing the axis of the machine.

2. that negahdar animated (2) have been working right and can shift, turning on the table. Can type.. constant motion (3) or (4)..

3.-(1) utility that negahdar controlled lathe tool it can move diagonally or transverse and longitudinal and circular administration.

4. CNC table (2) pieces on the top tried to ride it. The end of the frustum. fixed by pressing your seat on the right at the end of the shaft, prop. Bless d centered at harneh. fixed with three-storey roundabout car are (I) that do not have the circulation of the communication, with the axis of the belt from the motor to your liking or found in tranimision.

And gears (n) on the fuselage-mounted roundabout. Ochrkh gear (m) with the corresponding axis and itching on the outside of the center of the axis parallel to the axis of the gear and put (U) and (t) can be the gear (n) and (m) corresponds to the axis can be fingered by the (O) related to Iran.

Rotational speed with six-axis to this mechanism. The axis of the tube and form D is voided, it centered on the two abutments the body relies on. constant (A) and body regularly installed on lathe table.

Upper supert:

The upper transverse supert supert located on the hand by a manageable and the other is smooth and round tablets page beneath it that its environment between zero to 180 degrees has been graded. With open screws for profile it becomes its supert manual turns 360 degrees revolves around. This device can be a short internal and external the cones and the cones also Shave full, and in the meantime will also use it for Got shave screw on the device ring there is a degree to set exact times about using. Through the if with very little time for payment is needed. Of course, in a rough, razor shave and take a lot of the time it used to be. But in the frustum or long turning most of the automatic method is used

The main axis of the cone change page:

The main axis of the cone on the page change speed gear box speed, which rotate by hand any of the previously defined periods can be achieved. The speed of the machine to the work piece size and type and the type of gear which can be used to determine shave. Generally, the speed of the car after the workpiece and shaving gear located on the machine set up and also the speed of the car by in order to be RPM

Progress value table grate:

To determine the amount of time that is, advancing grate when shaving of gear box that is below the main axis of the gear box is located that includes a pair of gears with the certain ratios would be used for the amount of the advance (bar) ۰٫۰۰۲ up to ۰٫۱۳۰ inches (0.5 to 3.3 mm) are considered the necessary amount of time By category on the shell with its handling.

Effective factors in the choice of the cutting speed:

Several factors affect the cutting speed in the selection have irreplaceable due to improved durability and work tools that will: (a) the work piece material): according to the sex of a workpiece, the cutting speed can be chosen and whatever sex work harder, more difficult to download filings and more heat production Whatever the meaning is the same sex more hard work than less cutting speed can be selected. (B)), the more sex the sex tool: tool is more difficult and can withstand high temperatures to maintain their tolerance, wear more in front, you can choose more quickly. The cutting speed of the tool with a direct relationship to sex. (C) the purpose of the tool durability: durability) tool, is the time when we made with grated sharp chip operation and in the event of being fixed other factors determines the cutting speed, more choices, less tool durability. D) cross section cross section with the increase in filings: chip, high cutting force and more heat on the edge to win. For this reason the cutting speed in the rough work less and do more in pay.

The main task of a CNC machine:

The main task of the CNC machine parts, change in the size, form, finishing with one or more parts with CNC cutting action set grate. With the pickup of the CNC machines and spare devices on the scope of its activities has expanded so much in circumstances that can be done by the various operations, such as inserting tools such as drill and reamer and power because the operating machine on a CNC machine simply do she will ACC O.

The basis of CNC machines:

Generally, the basic principles of CNC machines, based on the action of metal-cutting the base rate and is also made of metal with CNC machines also cause masonry to withdraw by filing the cutting edge gear and motion filings filings over the surface of the grate. In all operations such as turning, drilling, lathing, metal milling machine or saw something chip will be produced. In this case a force equal to 20 tons per square inch can be entered, which is the amount of stretch and change too much force causes a metal form and create the heat and move the friction caused during the cutting surface of the chip and the amount of friction on the cutting edge grate heat generation, which this An important factor is when the download chip

The forces that affect cutting tool:

At the time three different cutting edge power lathe cutting tool will affect these three forces simply expressed as follows.

1. axial force

2. radial force

3. the force of vertical (tangential)

The cutting speed is the factors appropriate for any car:

1. type of grate

2. Type I had shaved (in terms of softness)

3. the amount of depth of chip

4. the type of masonry that can be given (rough or pay something)

5. the age and condition of the car

6. cooling materials (water and oil soluble)

• Cutting machines for software is basically a matter of finding the right speed for each type of machine. Because when the cutting speed too need to be controlled and fast cause the deterioration of the work. The cutting speed is less than the limit caused Kennedy job and as a result of the lack of production of the product will be fast.

The cutting speed value formula:

• Cutting speed according to the meters in diameter in mm min: in the number PI in round numbers divided by 1000

• Cutting speed according to the diameter in feet-per-minute Inch in the number pi divided by 12

D in respect of which (1) the value of the diameter of the work in terms of m and n the number of RPM and the speed of the cut in terms of meters per minute. In respect of (2) D diameter of the work in terms of inches and feet per minute will be determined by round car by diagram

To be on time and efficiency calculation of stop. In most installations the number on the car away from the set diagrams are usually installed on lathe machines more boxes, which is simply the number of different diameters for car remote work.

A variety of CNC machines and buildings that are:

1. small turning Switchblade.

2. CNC machine pulsive

3. a typical soft CNC machine

4. CNC lathe forehead

5. vertical lathe

Small CNC machine folks:

This type of CNC machine CNC for training and used the small tasks, and since most things between the two it went to you. trashand CNC machine. folks say. In addition, because of this machine for training and small things often used it as a transfer device to move a belt grinder are made. In terms of size, are divided into two shapes; a small lathe, small lathe desktops and leggy.

CNC machine tool building

 

The difference of this type of machines with others is that toolmaking machines have more accurately than other cars, and also some with special devices to shave closer things are equipped. The main task of these machines supplying tools and CNC machines for manufacturing shablan and manufacturing; and because of it for small and large tasks usually used it to two available for desktops and leggy. A type of small parts to CNC desktop and short that has a low diameter are used. CNC machine precision CNC machine as a leggy and relatively big which has different speeds have been made with the precise braking devices to cut and control equipped with speed. This is another means for booking your car is equipped with other tools.

CNC machines have been soft regular

 

These machines are often used in manufacturing jobs because of its high productive power and also somewhat heavier are made. On the other hand because to do different tasks are used to this in order to have more speed and more steps would be to do great things is very suitable, and also in terms of strength and superiority over other machines can be used for low The production of the.

 

CNC machines with large diameter and length of deployment

 

This type of machines for cutting things that are large in diameter and also has large length are used because they are large desk and the height of the main axis of the car up on the rails are relatively high. CNC machines in some that have are too long to be used as the maximum diameter of the main axis, an expert on the rails of a piece has been placed when necessary it can be a separate piece from the rails and then parts with large diameter for lathe and shave Specific tasks can be used. Usually this kind of machines not designed with immense periods, and on the other hand the cutting power and strength is very high, it can be used with more filings in the volume of a given time.

CNC machine CNC forehead:

Things that are relatively high and the length of its diameter a little by these machines are shaved. Other uses in factories making Diesel locomotives for build Diesel locomotives and cyclic as well to make the (flywheel) are used.

Vertical lathe machine

• As the name implies this machine is placed vertically, the pen device stuck in the form of the Charter of the polygon that can be vertically linear motion. The three device system is very large and is placed vertically and has a circular motion, which is to get a heavy duty. At the time of the machine it is

 

The main components of a CNC machine and each task:

1. Rails (table)

2. the main shaft bearing (the main axis of the gear box speed device)

3. the device.

4. the device carries the hand throws

5. gear box time (s)

6. electric motor

Rail (table)

• Rails machine is one of the basic parts of a CNC machine is the exact design that can be made, and the building is tightly also must have fully this part on the basis of cast iron have been made can be deployed. Other devices such as the Perth side carrier device and placed it on the table. the car has a triangular or trapezoidal shapes to guides that have been machining precision with the other devices that are placed on this directories relative to the axis of the machine or work package components on the main axis At one end are the

The main axis of the bearing device (device with gear box speed ahead)

• This section if a gear box building, includes a series of gears with different number of drives to help the gears that are the main axis work piece bearing the circulation. In some machines the main shaft on the gearbox has been working with the speed of the bearing. The small device in lathe machine move it as a belt wheel which is two roundabout three or four steps can be formed to a photo on the two axes are parallel and in this case having different diameters, the main axis of the machine has several different periods will be

The device.

 

The device that the sex.-iron, can be found on the table and move anywhere in that need to be fixed and then it turning operations. It has a hollow pivotal is that the cone-shaped inside it has been shaved its surface is completely shaved and accurate for inch or mm in the longitudinal direction of the screw can be graded by machine from its original place of distract.. In addition, by means of bolts and fasteners can be found on the machine table on the device. in any place that need to be fixed. Furthermore, when working for the drilling by CNC machine or power can be the blade that has a cone centered directly within the sequences are put and action against power. something done. On the other hand the drilling sequence for conical or drill of the three cone drill system which holds the sequence. For turning between the two should be fixed or... ball (moving) on the inside of the shaft and turning did

 

The Perth side carrier device

 

• The device display in the shape of the carrier supert with yellow it is known that the transverse and supert stuck and grate it on the lathe. This device as the main axis longitudinally between the linear motor and..

This device is composed of two major parts. A saddle that form crusade. The drawer placed on it that it would have been struck by rocks and fall exactly on the second table guides move canister located on the front of the saddle that time and has various gears the gear motor-assisted device has longitudinal and transverse is by category The device can be the carrier of a particular book linear motion for longitudinal side Perth. In addition, the transverse supert on supert carrier device can be located transverse to the Penguin move the milling work near or away from him. Aided twisting handle; Sue transverse Perth can be found within the transverse motion gave the

The gearbox (gearbox)

 

• The amount of the advance financing part of the grate in a State of bolt Barry (twist shave) or masonry and masonry forehead got used. Yet if that screw Rod rotational movement of the rod or shave time from the feed gear box. By moving the rod screws Rod Barry and rotational times grate turning over or progress within the car and the workpiece can be shaved, is located on the gear box of the table that is contained in the following table the grooves to put between the handle switch with its proper place.

 

CNC machine types

 

1. the ordinary lathe

2. CNC machine with CNC control computer

 

 

 

نویسنده : مدیر سایت

Lathe